Cryptography is the practice of using mathematical algorithms to secure communications and protect information. Cryptography is used in many applications, such as online banking, secure messaging, and digital signatures. Popular cryptographic algorithms include RSA, AES, and SHA. Boxing Big data refers to the vast amounts of data that are generated by businesses and other organizations, often at high velocity and with a variety of formats. Big data technologies are used to store, process, and analyze this data in order to extract insights and make better decisions. Popular big data platforms include Hadoop, Spark, and Cassandra.